Cytoscape is a project dedicated to building open-source network visualization and analysis software. A software "Core" provides basic functionality to layout and query the network and to visually integrate the network with state data. The Core is extensible through a plug-in architecture, allowing rapid development of additional computational analyses and features.

Cytoscape's roots are in Systems Biology, where it is used for integrating biomolecular interaction networks with high-throughput expression data and other molecular state information. Although applicable to any system of molecular components and interactions, Cytoscape is most powerful when used in conjunction with large databases of protein-protein, protein-DNA, and genetic interactions that are increasingly available for humans and model organisms. Cytoscape allows the visual integration of the network with expression profiles, phenotypes, and other molecular state information, and links the network to databases of functional annotations.

The central organizing metaphor of Cytoscape is a network (graph), with genes, proteins, and molecules represented as nodes and interactions represented as links, i.e. edges, between nodes.